Computer Evolution and Performance Part 13

Organization and Architecture Chip
- Increase the speed processor.

• In carried out primarily by reducing the size of "Logic gate."

>> "Gate" more, more meetings, the speed increases.
>> Processing time can be shortened.
- Addition of the cache size and speed.

• It is part of the processor chip.

>> Cache to reduce the access time is significant.
- Changing the organization and processor architecture.

• Improving the effectiveness and speed of execution.

• Processing in parallel.

Intel's Microprocessor Performance


The increase in capacity Cache
- Consists of two or three levels of cache between the processor and main memory.
- The increase in chip density.

• The more cache memory in the chip.

>> Faster access the cache.
- In the Pentium 10% allocated to the cache.
- In the Pentium 4 is allocated 50%.

New Approach - Multiple Cores
- Multiple processors on one chip.

• Large shared cache

- With one processor, proportionate increase performance straight with the increase of complexity.
- If the software can utilize multiple processor, the processor can mean two performance fold.
- So, take two simple processor in the chip better than one processor that is more complex.
- With two processors, cache it bigger.

• Consumption of power in the logical memory is smaller than the logical process.

- Example: IBM POWER4

• Two cores based on the Power PC.

POWER4 Chip Organization

Computer Evolution and Performance Part 12

Solutions
- Increasing the number of bits in one time

• Create greater DRAM

- Changing the interface DRAM

• Cache

- Reduce frequency access memory

• Cache more complex and is located on the chip

- Improve the bus system

• High speed buses

• Hierarchy of buses

I / O Devices
- The device needs for operation of I / O
- Need Throughput data that is large enough
- Processor can handle this task
- Problems in the transfer of data
- Solution:

• Caching

• Buffering

• High-speed interconnection buses

• More elaborate bus structures

• Multiple-processor configurations

Typical I / O Device Data Rates


The key: balance
- Processor components
- Main memory
- I / O devices
- Interconnection structures

Computer Evolution and Performance Part 11

Intel

• 1971 - 4004
• Microprocessor first
• All components of the CPU is a single chip
• 4 bits
• Following the emergence of 8008 since 1972
• 8 bits
• Microprocessor with special design application
• 1974 - 8080
• Intel is microprocessor with the general usefulness.
  

Increased speed

• Pipelining
• On board cache
• On board L1 & L2 cache
• Branch PREDICTION
• Data-flow analysis
• Speculative execution
  

Comparison of performance

• Increased processor speed.
• Increased memory capacity.
• Speed memory behind than processor speed.
  

Logic and Memory Performance Gap